Internal-combustion engine.



T. J. PAY. v INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 25. 1914.

Patented Oct. 6, i914.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1 /Wfo 5 W ao T. J". PAY.

INTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLIGATION FILED 213.25, 1914.

l, 31 25.53@ Patented met. s, 914.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WITH/75555 f v f r, j', www Mgg/yf@ tijNrrED sirarns PATENT. erro THOMAS J'.`FAY, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO THE GOBY ENGINE COMPANY, A. CORPORATION OF OHIO.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.r

Patented Oct. 6, 1914i.

Application led February 25, 1914. Serial No. 820,802.

bustion engines of the kind which are p'rovided with hollow reciprocating slide valves for controlling the inlet and the exhaust respectively.

The object of the present'invention, generally speaking, is to provide such improvements in the construction and arrangement of the valves of engines of the above kind as shall render the valvesv more efficient in their action.

More limitedly, the invention consists of providing internal combustion engines with slide valves which are mounted between wedge-shaped guide surfaces converging toward the cylinder while that part of each valve remote from the cylinder is subjected to lateral pressure at one or more points in its length, the pressure being produced in any convenient manner, as by the application of springs, the arrangement being such that the application of pressure in this manner, combined with the co-acting wedgeshaped surfaces of the valves and guides, effects a packing of the valves so that the leakage is in consequence prevented.

The invention also consists limitedly in providing superposed controlling ports in each valve witha partition above the upper ports and a second partition below the lower ports, the effect of which is that at each Charge a volume of fuel is admitted into the slide valves' which volume for example, in a four-stroke cycle engine remains inclosed in the inlet slide valve during all the phases of-.the cycle with the exception of the inlet-* or suction stroke, so that the inclosed volume of fuel assumes .a homogeneous condition and absorbs heat,

for example, from the explosion gases; or it may be specially heated in any suitable manner whereby the pressure and temperature at which the fuel is admitted into the cylinder is increased. lVhere oil is used as fuel, the advantage of this pre-heating .of-the fuel will be all the more apparent.

lf, in such a construction of the controlling system as described, the gaseous mixture inclosed within the inlet slide valve eX- plodcs for any reason, then the compressive forcesv produced thereby are transmitted, on account of the wedge shape of the valve, in such a manner that their resultant acts upon that part of the valve remote from the cylinder and against the load due to the externally applied pressure, so that the slide valve is forced away from its packing surfaces, and any risk of burstingor breaking is vthereby obviated.

The invention further consists limitedly in the provision, between the ports in the slide valves and the ports in the cylinder walls, of symmetrically disposed chambers or passageways, so that the gases passing between the slide valve and the cylinder on the inlet sidcl and between the cylinder and the slide valve on the exhaust sideyare split up into two separate streams.

The invention still further consists limitedly in arranging the intermediate passageways in such .a manner that, upon the inlet side the aforesaid chambers or passageways are divergent in the direction of the flow or gases while upon Athe outlet side they converge in the direction of the flow of the gases, so that while the entering fluids have free access to the cylinder the exhaust gases issuing from the cylinder are throttled during their passage through the intermediate spaces or chambers.

' The invention. consists still further, limitedly, in so constructing the valves as to produce a'valve possessing the advantages of a balanced valve in a construction wherein the machining can be produced by an outside free stroke; also to produce anvalve of the type referred to possessing 'marked advantages over other types of valves.

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The invention still further. and more generally consists in the details and combinations hereinafter more particularly 'referred to, included in the claims hereof, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings,

wherein Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation showing an internal combustion engine constructed and arranged in accordance with the invention and provided with separate slide valves for the admission and ior the exhaust; Fig. 2 illustrates in elevation and plan the'slide valve for controlling the admission, while Fig. 3 is a similar view illustrating the exhaust controlling valve; and Figs. 4 and 5 are respectivetly sectional plans upon the lines 4 4 and 5 5 of Fig. 1.

ln carrying the invention into eiect in 2o one convenient embodiment, there is provided the usual cylinder 1 in which the piston 2 ot the engine is adapted to Work, guideways or chests 3 and 4 being also provided for the slide valves 5 and 6 respectively, whereof the slide valve 5 controls the admission while the slide valve 6 controls the exhaust. The guideways or chests 3 and 4 are provided with inclined or wedge-shaped side walls converging toward the cylinder wall and the guideways are preferably further arranged in such a manner that they are diametrically opposite one another with respect t0 the cylinder, S0 that a symmetrical arrangement results.

The slide valves 5 and 6 are formed with inclined side walls having an inclination corresponding with thatof their respectivel guideways, while the part 7 of each valve which is'remote from the cylinder is ex- -le posed' at its outer side to atmospheric pressure and' is further subjected to pressure at two points in its length, the pressure being produced in the. case of the modification illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5 by means of the springs S arranged Within the housings 8fL and pressing against the shoes 8".

Each slide valve is provided with superposed controlling ports 12 and 14 and above the upper controlling ports 12 is formed in 5o any suitable manner a wall or partition 13 while a similar wall or partition 15 is located below the lower controlling ports 14. ln the case of the exhaust valve 6, it is preferred to make the lower controlling ports 14 of a greater length than that of the upper ports 12. rl`he arrangement is such that, while the two valves are substantially sym'- Inetrical, each having a chamber therein with longitudinallyspaced ports, the lower ports ot the exhaust valve will be in communication with the exhaust outlet conduit at all times, insurin a free delivery of the exhaust gases intro uced thereinto throu h rthe upper ports. On the other hand, t e

iaiaeee length and arrangement of the ports in the inlet valve 4,is such' that the charge of the gaseous fuel is trapped within the chamber during three strokes of the working piston except the suction stroke, at which time the lower ports are in communication with the supply 'conduit whereby, if any working fluid additionalv to the charge contained within the valve is required, this additional fluid may enter the valve chamber and pass directly into the cylinder, thus assuring a cylinder full of mixture, even though the amount ot' mixture contained within the valve chamber may be insulicient to lill the cylinder. rlhis will be evident from an inspection of Fig. l, wherein the'inlet valvefis shown in the position which it occupies duringthe suction stroke of the piston EZ.v Because of this treatment, the gaseous charge is admitted tothe cylinder at an increased of treating heavy hydro-carbon. fuel in this manner will be obvious.

lf the charge of fuel should for any reason explode within the slide valves, the compressive forces are transmitted in such a manner, due to the wedge shape et the valves, that the resultant pressure acts upon the part 7 of each valve, forcing the latter, against the external yielding ressure, away from its seating so that all ris of the burst ing or breaking of the cylinder or slide valve will be obviated. t y

The controlling ports 12 and 14 and the corresponding cylinder ports 17 are located the inclined surfaces of the valves and VAvalve casings or guideways so that symthe spaces 19 so that the area increases in,

the directionot the flow of the entering fluids while, in the case of the chambers 20,

the area decreasesinthe direction oit the.

flow of the exhaust gases, so that in the one case free entry of the charge into the cylinder is permitted while in the case of the exhaust gases these are throttled during their passage through the chambers or spaces 20.

The shape of the chambers or passageways 2O is such that the exhaust gases will ilowf at substantially constant speed from the cylinderports into the valve ports, this constancy of speed being maintained independently of thev ressure. This maintains th'c integrity of t e escaping gases and enables them to maintain' a plug-like characteristic rie until beyond the combustion chamber. Because of maintaining this plug-like character, a partial vacuum is created within the spaces through which they pass and because this plug-like forni is maintained until after the gases pass the combustion chamber, the gases are prevented from Howing back into the combustion space or chamber, notwithstanding the partial vacuum created therein. The action in maintaining the constant speed in the exhaust gases is analogous to that lwhich is secured through a Venturi tube'or a modification ofthe same. By having the ports 14C and the exhaust valve in continuous communication with the outlet connection, the exhaust is permitted to flow into the outlet connection before it has an opportunity to cool and consequently to be discharged through the exhaust valve without loss of speed. valve cooperates with the construction of the passageways Q0 to preserve the plug-like character in the exhaust gases referred to above.

The valve construction disclosed herein is particularly advantageous in a structural way, in that the wedge-shaped guideways are open on the exterior, thus permitting of the machining of the guide faces through this open cut.

YIt will be observed that, on account of the acoteness of the angle between the convergent faces of each guideway, the gaseous pressureeffective to push the wedge-shaped valves from their seats is tritling. The gaseous pressure is applied to the valves through the ports within the guideway walls. Owing to theacuteness of the angle formed between the convergent faces of each guideway.r the resultant pressure which is available to force the valves out of their seats in these guideways is reduced to a minimum and is overbalanced by the superior pressure or leverage on the outer face of the valve, applicable through the ports 1l or the springs 8. By properly relating the angles of the side walls of the valves to the yield ingl pressure exerted on the outer face, a construction is produced which approximates that of a balanced valve: and this construction permits the machining of the parts to be accomplished by an outside and free stroke. "While any angle between the tapering side walls of a-valve and between the tapering side walls of the corresponding guideway will sutlice that will afford a superior pressure on the outer surface of the valve (from the same source) than is exercised in opposition thereto through the inclined surfaces, a convenient angle for this purpose and one which permits of machining is an angle of 30 between the side walls, or an angle of 15o for each side wall.

This construction of the exhaust is not to be confined to the particular details of construction or arrangement of the various parts relatively to one another hereinbefore described, as these and other details may be suitably modified, depending upon the particular practical requirements that the invention is designed to meet.

Having thus described my invention, what Aport, a cover for the outer or enlarged end of the guideway, said cover being` spaced from the adjacent surface of the valve, and yieldable means interposed between the cover and the valve and operating to press the valve within its seat in the guideway.

In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having a pair -of laterally spaced ports, a tapered or wedge shaped guideway extending longitudinally of the cylinder and interposed between said ports, said giiidcway being open at the side remote from the cylinder and having a port in each of its convergent walls adapted to communicate with the correspondingly located cylinder port, a hollow tapered or wedge shaped valve slidably mounted in the guideway and provided with ports arranged to register with the guideway ports, a cover for the open end of the guideway, said cover being spaced from the valve, and springs interposed between said cover and said valve.

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having a port, a

`tapered or wedge shaped guideway having surfaces converging toward the cylinder and being opcn at the side remote from the cylinder and having a port in each side wall thereof. a hollow Itapered or wedge shaped valve slidahly mounted in said guideway and having ports arranged to'comrnunicate with the guideway ports, and a cover for the outer or enlarged end of the guideway and spaced from the outer wall ofi the valve, there being means between the cover and the valve whereby the pressure exerted upon the converging side walls of the valve through the guide'way ports may be cooperatively opposed. l

4. 1n an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having a port, a

tapered or wedge shapedv guideway having surfaces converging toward the cylinder and forming with each other an acute angle, a

it is to be understood that the invention I hollow tapered or wedge shaped valve slid- L mi we:

ably mounted in said gudeway and adapted to communicate with the cylinder port, a cover fol' the outer or emerged and of the gudeway, said cover being" spaced from the adjacent Surface of the valve, the space be tween the convergent faces of the gudeway being munged to communicate with the cylude? and there being means interposed be ibween the eove and the Valve Whe'eby the In 'testimony whereof., Tl hereunte affix my signature in the presence of two Witnesses.

THMAS JV. )EUMC Witnesses:

J. B. HULL, BRENNAN B. WEST., 

